Natural History-Green Iguana (Iguana iguana)

Recently while in southern Florida I encountered several interesting species of reptiles. In my opinion the most interesting of which is the Green Iguana (Iguana iguana). This species of Iguana is found in the Southeastern United states (where it is considered invasive), much of the Caribbean, and the majority of northern South America. Iguanas are thought of as a social species, this is because they are normally found in groups and bask with others of their species. The adult male Iguana can grow up to 20 pounds and up to 5-7 feet. This species has a large row of spines running from their head to the end of its tail. Their very long tail can be used for defensive purposes as well as for balance while climbing. They are able to defend themselves from potential predators by swinging their tails and using their long claws. The Green Iguana is also a very good swimmer; individuals are able to swim at quite a fast rate by using their tail to propel themselves all while being able to hold their breath up to half an hour. The Green Iguana is considered to be mostly herbivorous; “mostly” because it does sometimes eat insects with plants.  Most of its water intake of from its diet but additional water can be consumed from condensation on plants. They also use their nostrils to remove excess salts from their body that are taken in by their diet and swimming. Mating usually occurs in the beginning of the dry season, males primarily use their coloration to attract females as well as extending their dewlap, and head bobbing/pushup displays. Hatching generally occurs at the beginning of the rainy season which allows them to grow for a significant period before the next dry season. Currently the Green Iguana is listed as a threatened species. The main reason for its decline in its native habitat is due to deforestation of rain forests as well hunting for food (which does not contribute greatly to decline in population). In order to try to restore the native population of Iguanas, there are some instances of Iguana farms breeding individuals. This may help to increase the population in numbers, but at the same time it may contribute to reducing the genetic diversity of Green Iguanas.