Tuesday, April 21, 2020

Natural History of the Canebrake Rattlesnake, Crotalus horridus



                The latin species name for the canebrake (or timber rattlesnake, depending on where you are and if you’re a splitter) translates roughly to “dreadful.” Some say this is a reference to the snake’s venom, which is potent. In fact, the venom composition varies greatly by individual and population. While it was originally considered to be primarily hemotoxic, there is evidence that our southeastern populations have a primarily neurotoxic component. This evolution of neurotoxic venom in a crotalid is fascinating to me. Along with their interesting venom, canes are incredibly beautiful and always impressive to see in the wild. That is why they are one of my favorites to find while field herping.

                The canebrake rattlesnake can reach over 6ft in length and are a very heavy bodied snake. Their colors can range from pink or blue to completely black. The chevron pattern along the back is pretty good way to identify these snakes, along with that obvious rattle. They have a wide range across the eastern U.S., using habitat that varies from lowland swamp to high elevation mountains. The mountain populations tend to den together during the winter for hibernation. 

                Despite the fact that populations are in decline across all of their range, many states, including S.C., do not designate C. horridus as endangered or as a species of concern and there are no federal protections for this species. As habitat destruction and deforestation continue, the species will continue to decline in our state. 

                These pictures are a few of the canes I have found over the years here in S.C. They are incredibly variable and beautiful, and deserve protection. 




Species profile from SREL: https://srelherp.uga.edu/snakes/crohor.htm